The genes of these blood group systems are autosomal, except xg and xk which are xborne, and mic2 which is present on both x and y chromosomes. A polymorphic xborne blood group system table i and six autosomal blood group systems table ii, not described in other chapters, are briefly summarized. They named the causative antigen jr after rose jacobs, one of the five patients the common name junior is in fact a misnomer. Blood group systems studied were rh, kidd, duffy, lewis. The abo and rh blood systems are discussed in detail below. Antibodies in the serum that identify such antigen locate on the surfaces of red cells of another blood group. Within the abo group, four major categories are divided into eight common blood types. The kell protein is a type ii membrane glycoprotein sharing sequence homology with members of the m family of zincdependent metalloproteases and possessing enzymatic activity characteristic of that group summary by claperon et al. Blood typing systems other than abo bloodbook, blood. Note that h antigen is in a separate system, h blood group system 018, and is not part of the abo system. The antigens m and n are codominant alleles that are closely linked to the s and s antigens, which are also codominant.
Blood grouping and crossmatching is one of the few important tests that the anaesthesiologist orders during perioperative period. Other blood group systems madison area technical college. These antigens are the third most potent, after those of the abo and rh blood groups, at. General considerations in rhtesting immunohematology and blood banking i. The structures of the different blood group systems and their antigens have. The kell blood group system is formed by 2 disulfidelinked proteins, kell and xk.
T he rh blood group system is one of the most polymorphic and antigenic blood group sys tems. It is second only to abo in importance in blood transfusion and is well known as a primary cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn hdfn. Depending upon the blood group system, antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids. The i antigen is found on almost all adults and is part of the precursor component of the oligosaccharide that forms the a, b, and h antigens. Lewis, i and p blood group systems authorstream presentation. While most blood group systems contain antigens that have similar structural features, such is not always the case. Table of blood group systems international society of. On the other hand, the rh blood group system consists of 50 defined blood group antigens. The kell locus is highly polymorphic and gives rise to many kell antigens. Apart from abo and rhesus system, many other types of antigens have been noticed on the red cell membranes. It has also been recognized that a potent antia or antib in donor blood of group o may destroy the a or b red cells of a nono recipient. Other major blood group systems mns, p, kell, duffy, kidd, lewis, lutheran. These proteins form a core complex in the erythrocyte membrane with a glycosylated homolog rhag and are only expressed when it is present.
What are the different human blood groups and types. Blood group systems smart 2008 isbt science series. Rh positive and rh negative refer to the presence or absence of d antigen. Experts thought that at last they had found genetic features that, because they are inherited and not susceptible.
In the table the wellestablished human blood group systems are listed in the order of discovery. This, together with the discovery of other red cell group systems, has completely altered the significance of the term universal donor which is. Other blood group systems mns system antigens and their inheritance. The basis of abo grouping is of two antigens antigen a and antigen b. Class notes other blood group systems mns system antigens and their inheritance. There are, however, two major codominant allelic genes that produce two important antigens. The kell blood group system is complex and contains many antigens that are highly immunogenic. Class notes i and p blood group systems i blood group system ii antigens. The p2 red cell phenotype is defined and has a prevalence of about 25%. The antigens can be integral proteins where polymorphisms lie in the variation of amino acid sequence e. Blood grouping and crossmatching is one of the few important tests that the anaesthesiologist orders. An exhaustive list of all red blood cell rbc antigens is beyond the scope of this book.
B3galt3 synthesizes the p antigen from the pk antigen. Mar 19, 2020 depending upon the blood group system, antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids. Different antigens of the various blood group systems are not distributed evenly in a. Frequency of abo, subgroup abo and rhd blood groups in. Table of blood group systems international society of blood. In rh system, the most important antigens are d, c, c, e, and e.
Your blood group is determined by the genes you inherit from your parents. Although abo and rh are the most important systems in transfusion medicine, many other blood group anti. A blood group system is a group of blood group antigens typically inherited from one gene but occasionally more than one. The term human blood group systems is defined by international society of blood transfusion as systems in the human species where cellsurface antigensin particular, those on blood cellsare controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them. Therefore, anyone belonging to this group may receive any other blood type without any dangers involved. At present, 35 blood group systems representing over 300 antigens are listed by the international society of blood transfusion isbt. The lutheran bgs is also incorrectly named, as will be explained shortly.
Major blood group systems lewis i p mnss kell kidd duffy. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Currently, guidelines and tables for 27 of the 30 blood groups are listed, as well mutations in gata1 and klf1 responsible for blood group phenotypes. Armstrong introduction this section will cover the major blood group systems, some of the other blood group systems and will also include information on hla and notes on platelet antigens. This chapter will discuss blood group systems, collections, and low and highfrequency antigens which are not discussed in other chapters figure 27. Overview of other blood group systems springerlink. The other blood group antibodies that are igm aka cold reacting antibodies are 1 m 2 n 3 p1 4 pp1pk 5 i 6 lea 7 leb 8 lua 9 h 10 p.
The rh blood group system connie westhoff t he rh blood group system is one of the most polymorphic and antigenic blood group systems. The third edition of the blood group antigen factsbook has been completely revised, updated and expanded to cover all 33 blood group. The red cells of an individual contain antigens on cell surfaces that correspond to their blood group. The junior blood group system or jr is a human blood group defined by the presence or absence of the jra antigen, a highfrequency antigen that is found on the red blood cells of most individuals. Kell antik alloantibodies can cause hdfn and it is important to avoid transfusing k positive red cells to k negative girls and women of childbearing potential. Chapter 6 other blood group systems test 3 flashcards. Red cell immunogenetics and blood group terminology. For example, if a person with blood type a receives a blood transfusion with blood type b, the recipients immune system will recognize the type b cells as foreign and mount an immune response. Experts thought that at last they had found genetic features that. People with the rare jra negative blood type can develop antijra antibodies, which may cause transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn on subsequent exposures.
What are blood group systems currently there are 345 blood group antigens. Mar 18, 2020 once the abo blood group system was discovered and was shown to follow the pattern of mendelian heredity, other systemsthe mn system, the rhesus system, and many otherssoon followed. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A distinct, but related antigen, p, which belongs to the globoside glob system, is defined by activity of the b3galt3 gene on chromosome 3q25. Although some references will be made to the molecular structures, the detailed molecular structures and recent advances in dna. Use this quiz and worksheet to test your understanding of the rh factor and how it can affect pregnancy. Chapter 6 other blood group systems test 3 quizlet. Other blood group systems budang slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Other blood groups questions and study guide quizlet.
Blood grouping and crossmatching is one of the few. The junior blood group system was discovered in 1970 by researchers stroup and macillroy, who reported on five patients whose blood was incompatible with all samples tested except each others. Pk, forming 5 different p1pk blood group system phenotypes. K and k previously known as kell and cellano, respectively, which differ by a single amino acid. The i blood group system is related to the abo and the lewis systems by its biochemical structure. Other blood group systems immunohematology and blood banking i. Mar 01, 2018 the lutheran blood group system bgs consists of a large number of antigens, 24 being recognised by the international society of blood transfusion at the time of writing, and is also of interest in terms of the various backgrounds to the apparent luab phenotypes. Each group can be either rhd positive or rhd negative, which means your blood group can be one of the eig. This section will cover the major blood group systems, some of the other blood group systems and will also include information on hla and notes on platelet antigens. Blood group systems smart 2008 isbt science series wiley. Mns p familial blood group system found in few families kell.
Although some references will be made to the molecular structures, the detailed molecular structures and recent advances in dna technology are not within the scope of this publication. Practice questions will ask you what happens when an rh. Others, such as the only xlinked blood group xg a, contribute to the. System name system symbol gene names chromosomal location cd numbers 021 cromer crom cd55 1q32. Its still possible that other blood group systems or antigens so rare they havent yet surfaced may emerge. The lutheran blood group system the biomedical scientist. These antigens are the third most potent, after those of the abo and rh blood groups, at triggering an immune reaction. Alloantibodies to the kidd jk system are an important cause of delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions see chapter 5. Apart from abo and rhesus system, many other types of antigens. The number of antigens per blood group system, collection, and series varies tremendously from 1 in the p system to more than 30 in the rh and mns systems. Apr 25, 2017 the bestknown way of grouping of blood types is the abo system, although there are other groups. Other blood group system 1 chapter 6 other blood group system 2. These antigens are inherited by a complex pattern similar to the rh system.
Abo blood group is the most important system in blood transfusion being the only one among the blood group systems in which the antibodies are consistently and predictably present in the serum of normal person whose red cell lacks the antigen. The bestknown way of grouping of blood types is the abo system, although there are other groups. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In addition to the antigens described in the abo and rh blood group systems, there are over 300 more that can be detected on human red blood cells by specific antibodies. Information regarding new alleles should be sent to the blood groupresponsible committee member on. Ab blood group may receive blood from any rhnegative groups such as a, b, or o to avoid any kind of complications. Collections a blood group system consists of one or more antigens, controlled by a single gene kell or by two rh or three mns very closely linked homologous genes. The blood group antigen factsbook winner of a 20 highly commended bma medical book award for internal medicine has been an essential resource in the hematology, transfusion and immunogenetics fields since its first publication in the late 1990s.
Every blood group system has gene or genes differ than the other systems. Some of the other blood group systemsfor example, the kell and kidd systemswere discovered because an infant was found to have erythroblastosis fetalis even though mother and child were compatible as far as the rh system was concerned. The other blood groups that are igg are 1 jka 2 jkb 3 fya 4 fyb 5 jsa 6 jsb 7 u 8 lub 9 big s and little s 10 big k and little k 11 kpa and kpb. The term human blood group systems is defined by international society of blood transfusion. Information regarding new alleles should be sent to the blood group responsible committee member on the front page. Start studying chapter 6 other blood group systems test 3. The rh blood group system consists of numerous antigens that are located on variant forms of rhd and rhce proteins. The p1 red cell phenotype is the most common phenotype with a prevalence of approximately 75%. The kell blood group blood groups and red cell antigens. International society of blood transfusion has recently recognized 33 blood group systems. Other blood group systems, collections and antigens. Blood group antigens play a role in recognizing foreign cells in the bloodstream. Comparing the sudanese blood groups with other countries around the region, saudi arab shows same picture, while egypt although shows high blood group o but a blood group is also almost equal to a, while b is higher. Once the abo blood group system was discovered and was shown to follow the pattern of mendelian heredity, other systemsthe mn system, the rhesus system, and many otherssoon followed.
Characterisation of rh and other blood group systems amongst the. Test your understanding of different blood types and the blood group system using an interactive quizprintable worksheet combo. The antigens m and n are codominant alleles that are closely linked to the. What you may not know is that there are 34 other blood group systems with more than. Blood group systems definition of blood group systems by. Case report1 18 years male, diagnosed case of rhd with ar admitted for aortic valve replacement no history of previous blood transfusion 4 units of fresh prbc requested pretransfusion testing blood group o rh positive 4 units of o rh positive compatible blood crossmatched beenu thakral,ashish. They selected those systems considered to be of clinical importance or to have interesting features and made the scope of the presented information what you need to know for the sbb exam. What you may not know is that there are 34 other blood group systems with more than 300.
392 1412 86 1536 1156 1432 532 799 156 1114 926 498 817 263 369 1404 1282 1395 572 1517 1314 50 1474 1097 29 1448 276 1033 171 453 319 672 1332 1294 1103 1164 139 280 865 14 1293 763 1147 1354